by sonia, on Jun 3, 2017 4:11:02 PM
Q1. What is ABAP?
ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high-level programming language used in the development and customization of SAP applications. It is specifically designed for creating and modifying SAP software.
Q2. What are the different data types in ABAP?
ABAP supports various data types, including elementary data types (such as CHAR, NUMC, INT, etc.), complex data types (such as STRUCTURE, TABLE, etc.), and reference data types (such as REF TO).
Q3. What are internal tables in ABAP?
Internal tables are data objects used to store and manipulate data in ABAP programs. They can be used to store single-dimensional or multi-dimensional data sets. Internal tables have different types, such as standard tables, sorted tables, and hashed tables.
Q4. What is the difference between a transparent table and a pooled table in SAP?
A transparent table in SAP directly corresponds to a database table with a one-to-one mapping. On the other hand, a pooled table is used to store control data that is shared across multiple clients in a SAP system.
Q5. Explain the difference between a structure and a table in ABAP.
A structure is a complex data type that can hold multiple fields of different types. It does not have a predefined row structure or a defined number of rows. A table, however, is a type of internal table that can store multiple rows of the same structure.
Q6. What is an ABAP report and what are its components?
An ABAP report is a program that retrieves and displays data from the database in a structured format. Its components include the selection screen (to specify input criteria), the data retrieval and processing logic, and the output display logic.
Q7. What is a function module in ABAP?
A function module is a subroutine that encapsulates a specific functionality in SAP. It is reusable and can be called from various programs. Function modules can have importing/exporting parameters, tables, and exceptions.
Q8. How can you debug an ABAP program?
To debug an ABAP program, you can use the ABAP debugger. You can set breakpoints, watch variables, step through the code, and analyze the program's behavior during runtime.
Q9. Explain the concept of BAPIs in SAP.
BAPI (Business Application Programming Interface) is a set of interfaces provided by SAP to access and manipulate SAP business objects. BAPIs provide a standardized way to integrate external systems with SAP, allowing data exchange and transaction processing.
Q10. What is an ABAP dictionary?
The ABAP Dictionary is a central repository in SAP where metadata definitions for database tables, data types, domains, and other database objects are stored. It is used to define and manage the data structure and integrity in SAP systems.
Q11. What are field symbols in ABAP?
Field symbols are placeholders or pointers that allow you to access the data of a specific field dynamically at runtime.
Q12. What are the different types of ABAP reports?
ABAP reports can be of two types: classical reports (using WRITE and WRITE-AT statements) and interactive reports (using the ALV Grid control or interactive lists).
Q13. What is the difference between a BDC (Batch Data Communication) and an LSMW (Legacy System Migration Workbench)?
BDC is a technique used to transfer large amounts of data from external systems to SAP systems, while LSMW is a tool provided by SAP to migrate data from legacy systems to SAP systems.
Q14. What is an enhancement spot in SAP ABAP?
An enhancement spot is a predefined structure that allows you to include custom enhancements (using enhancement options) in SAP standard programs without modifying them.
Q15. What is an implicit enhancement in ABAP?
An implicit enhancement is a modification technique in ABAP that allows you to add custom code within SAP standard programs at predefined points without modifying the program's original source code.
Q16. What is a function group in ABAP?
A function group is a collection of function modules that are logically grouped together. It helps in organizing related function modules in a modular way.
Q17. Explain the concept of transport requests in SAP ABAP.
Transport requests are used in SAP to bundle together development objects (such as programs, tables, etc.) that need to be moved from one SAP system to another (e.g., from a development system to a production system).
Q18. What is the difference between SELECT-OPTIONS and PARAMETERS statements?
SELECT-OPTIONS is used to define input selection ranges, while PARAMETERS is used to define single input values in ABAP selection screens.
Q19. How do you handle errors and exceptions in ABAP?
Errors and exceptions in ABAP can be handled using statements like TRY, CATCH, and RAISE. Exception classes can also be defined and raised to handle specific error scenarios.
Q20. What are the different types of data elements in ABAP Dictionary?
Data elements in ABAP Dictionary can be of different types, such as elementary data elements, reference data elements, and structure data elements.
Q21. What is a lock object in SAP ABAP?
A lock object is used to handle the locking mechanism in SAP to prevent data inconsistencies when multiple users try to access and modify the same data simultaneously.
Q22. What are function modules and methods in ABAP?
Function modules are standalone subroutines that can be called from external programs, while methods are procedures defined within classes and can be accessed by creating objects of the respective classes.
Q23. What is the use of the COMMIT statement in ABAP?
The COMMIT statement in ABAP is used to save the changes made to the database within a database transaction. It makes the changes permanent and releases the locks.
Q24. Explain the difference between a top-down and bottom-up approach in ABAP development.
In a top-down approach, the program logic is developed from the main program and then the subroutines or function modules are developed. In a bottom-up approach, the subroutines or function modules are developed first and then the main program is built around them.
Q25. What is the use of the CALL TRANSACTION statement in ABAP?
The CALL TRANSACTION statement is used to call and execute a transaction code from within an ABAP program. It allows you to automate the execution of SAP transactions.
Q26. What is an internal table work area in ABAP?
An internal table work area is a temporary area used to hold data while processing internal tables. It is used to perform operations on individual rows of an internal table.
Q27. Explain the concept of buffering in SAP ABAP.
Buffering is a technique used in SAP to store frequently accessed data in memory to improve system performance. It reduces the number of database calls required to retrieve data.
Q28. What is the difference between a static and an instance method in ABAP?
A static method is associated with the class itself and can be called without creating an object of the class. An instance method is associated with an object of the class and can be called only through an object.
Q29. What is an ALV (ABAP List Viewer)?
ALV is a set of standard SAP tools and functions that provide a user-friendly way to display and manipulate data in tabular format. It includes features like sorting, filtering, and formatting.
Q30. What is the use of theGET CURSOR statement in ABAP?
The GET CURSOR statement is used to retrieve the current position of the cursor within an internal table or screen field. It allows you to perform specific operations based on the cursor position.
Q31. What is a foreign key relationship in ABAP Dictionary?
A foreign key relationship is a database concept that defines a link between two tables based on a common field. It enforces data integrity by ensuring that values in the referencing table exist in the referenced table.
Q32. Explain the concept of ABAP Memory and SAP Memory.
ABAP Memory is a memory area used to store data within the same program during the same program runtime. SAP Memory is a memory area used to store data between different sessions or different programs.
Q33. What is the difference between a CHECK and an ASSERT statement in ABAP?
A CHECK statement is used for runtime error handling and terminates the program if a specified condition is not met. An ASSERT statement is used for programmatic error handling and triggers a dump if a specified condition is not met.
Q34. What is an ABAP class and how is it different from a function module?
An ABAP class is a blueprint or template that defines the properties and behavior of objects. It is used to implement object-oriented programming concepts in ABAP. A function module, on the other hand, is a standalone subroutine that performs a specific task and can be called from other programs.
Q35. What are the different types of joins in ABAP?
In ABAP, there are four types of joins: inner join, left outer join, right outer join, and full outer join. These joins are used to combine data from multiple tables based on specified conditions.
