Go Syntax Fundamentals

4. Go Syntax Fundamentals

1. Package Declaration:

In Go, every source file belongs to a package. The 'package' declaration should be the first line of your source file. It defines the package name to which the file belongs.

package main

2.Import Statements:

Import statements are used to bring external packages into your code. Imported packages provide functions, types, and variables that you can use in your program.

import "fmt"

3. Function Declaration:

func add(a, b int) int {
   return a + b
}

4. Variables and Constants:

Variables are used to store values that can change during program execution, while constants are used for values that remain unchanged.

var x int = 5
const pi = 3.14159

5. Data Types:

Go has several basic data types, including integers, floats, strings, and booleans. You can also define your own custom types using structs.

var age int = 25
var name string = "Alice"
type Point struct {
   X, Y int
}

6. Control Flow Statements:

Go supports common control flow statements like 'if', 'for', and 'switch'.

if x > 0 {
   fmt.Println("Positive")
} else {
   fmt.Println("Non-positive")
}

for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
   fmt.Println(i)
}

switch day {
    case "Monday":
          fmt.Println("It's the start of the week.")
    case "Friday":
          fmt.Println("It's almost the weekend!")
    default:
          fmt.Println("It's another day.")
}

7. Comments:

Comments are used to add explanations or notes to your code. Single-line comments start with  '//', and multi-line comments are enclosed in '/* ... */'.

// This is a single-line comment.

/*
 This is a
 multi-line comment.
*/

8. Print Statements:

You can use the 'fmt' package to print formatted output to the console.

 fmt.Println("Hello, Go!")

These are some fundamental aspects of Go's syntax. By mastering these elements, you'll be well-equipped to write clear and functional Go programs. As you delve deeper into Go, you'll encounter more advanced features and concepts that build upon these syntax fundamentals.