Working with Strings

14. Working with Strings

var message string = "Hello, Go!"

String Length:

To find the length of a string, use the built-in 'len()' function.

length := len(message)             // Returns the length of the string

Concatenation:

You can concatenate strings using the '+' operator or the 'fmt.Sprintf()'  function.

greeting := "Hello"
name := "Alice"
message := greeting + " " + name // Concatenate strings

String Interpolation:

Go supports string interpolation using the 'fmt.Sprintf()'function.

age := 30
message := fmt.Sprintf("I am %d years old.", age)             // Interpolate values

String Indexing:

Strings in Go are made up of bytes, and you can access individual bytes using indexing.

firstChar := message[0]              // Access the first byte (H)

String Slicing:

You can create substrings using slicing.

substring := message[2:7]          // Get a substring from index 2 to 6 (am 30)

String Functions:

Go's 'strings' package provides numerous functions for string manipulation.

• 'strings.Contains(str, substr)': Check if a substring is present.
• 'strings.HasPrefix(str, prefix)': Check if a string starts with a given prefix.
• 'strings.HasSuffix(str, suffix)': Check if a string ends with a given suffix.
• 'strings.Index(str, substr)': Get the index of the first occurrence of a substring.
• 'strings.LastIndex(str, substr)': Get the index of the last occurrence of a substring.
• 'strings.ToLower(str)': Convert a string to lowercase.
• 'strings.ToUpper(str)': Convert a string to uppercase.
• 'strings.TrimSpace(str)': Remove leading and trailing whitespaces.
• 'strings.Split(str, separator)': Split a string into a slice using a separator.
• 'strings.Join(slice, separator)': Join a slice of strings into a single string using a separator.

String Conversion to and from Numbers:

You can convert strings to numeric types using functions like 'strconv.Atoi()' and 'strconv.ParseFloat()'. For the reverse, use 'strconv.Itoa()' and 'strconv.FormatFloat()'.

String Comparisons:

Use the '==' operator to compare strings for equality.

isEqual := str1 == str2        // Compare strings for equality

Unicode and UTF-8 Support:

Go supports Unicode characters, and strings in Go are UTF-8 encoded.

Summary:

• Strings are sequences of characters enclosed in double quotes.
• Use 'len()'to find the length of a string.
• Concatenate strings using '+' or 'fmt.Sprintf()'.
• Interpolate values into strings with 'fmt.Sprintf()'.
• Access individual bytes using indexing.
• Use the 'strings'package for string manipulation.
• Convert strings to/from numeric types using 'strconv' package.
• Compare strings for equality using '=='.
• Strings in Go are UTF-8 encoded and support Unicode.

Understanding how to work with strings is crucial for building applications that handle textual data effectively. By using Go's string functions and methods, you can manipulate, transform, and analyze strings with ease.